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Minguo xinzheng (New government for the Republic)

This poster was almost certainly produced to coincide with the founding of the PGROC in December 1937. The visual trope of the rising sun and city gates of Beijing emitting light are clearly reminiscent of Manchukuo propaganda. Note also the references to a tattered Chinese Nationalist Party (KMT) flag, with its “white sun” emblem. The replacement of this flag with the “five coloured flag ” (wuseqi), which was revived by the PGROC in 1937, was indicative of a general approach under this administration to discredit Nationalist ideologies in favour of more conservative, Confucian ideas. Note also the rather ambitious designs that this regime had on the rest of China (the man is planting his flag on China as a whole, rather than the patchwork of territory in north China over which the PGROC actually ruled).

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Yaodi shengmiao jidian (Ceremony at the Emperor Yao Temple)

This poster was produced (almost certainly by the Japanese military) with the aim of advertising the re-opening of the Emperor Yao Temple (Yaodi shengmiao) in Linfen (Shanxi Province). This site was taken by the Japanese from communist resistance fighters, and was used by the Japanese as a symbol of the apparent iconoclasm and lack of religious sensitivity shown by the communists. The re-opening the temple to worshippers in the spring of 1938 by the Japanese was used to demonstrate the extent to which occupation supposedly included respect for Chinese religious traditions. The painted image of the female worshipper here was based on a photograph of a female worshipper at the same temple produced in other propaganda leaflets some months earlier.

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民國新政

這張海報極可確定於1937年12月為中華國民國臨時政府成立而設計。北京的升日和城門發射光芒的設計理念顯然讓人聯想到滿洲國的宣傳刊物。值得注意的是,當中參考了殘破的國民黨黨旗之白日標誌。取而代之的「五星旗」由1937年成立的中華民國臨時政府所復甦,象徵著其早期的臨時政府,質疑國民黨的理念,以崇尚較為保守的儒家思想。又請注意其中這個政權對中國其餘地區亦充滿野心的設計(這名男子插上國旗象徵征服全中國,而非僅中華民國臨時政府實際統治的華北地區。

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堯帝聖廟祭典

這本手冊(極可確定由日本軍隊)製作目的為宣傳於山西省臨汾市的堯帝聖廟重新開張。日本從共產黨反抗人士手中奪走當地主權並以此地點作為象徵,反映共產主義者的反傳統及宗教敏感度的缺乏。日本於1938年5月4日重新開放堯帝聖廟的舉動展現了對中國宗教信仰傳統的尊重。這幅畫中堯帝聖廟的女信徒是根據數月前其他宣傳刊物中堯帝聖廟的一位女信徒所描繪。

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兒童新樂園,中日常親善

這幅海報的設計理念極可確定是為了鼓勵市民齊聚北京接受日本統治,其中包含了早期日佔華北宣傳的標準理念:一位「新女性」捧著一名男嬰、城牆、日本軍人與中國嬰兒表示友善、「五色旗」、天空充滿日本的飛機。

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Ertong xin leyuan, Zhong-Ri chang qinshan (New paradise for children; China and Japan will forever be close)

This poster, almost certainly produced with the aim of encouraging civilians in occupied Beijing to embrace Japanese rule, includes many of the standard tropes of early occupied north China propaganda: a “new woman” with a male child; city walls; Japanese soldiers fraternising with Chinese infants; the “five-coloured flag” (wuseqi); and a sky filled with Japanese airplanes.

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擁護參戰、保衛東亞

海報描繪中國士兵慶祝汪精衛南京政府向盟軍宣戰。海報上寫著:「擁護參戰、保護東亞!」當中也包含了1943年1月9日,汪精衛向盟軍宣戰的文字。特別值得一提的是,此海報的某些戰後的物主在汪精衛的文字右邊寫下:「偽國民政府」,以便釐清當下宣戰之中國政權為何。

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Yonghu canzhan, baowei Dong Ya (Support the declaration of war; defend East Asia)

Poster of Chinese soldier celebrating the declaration of war on the Allies by RNG China. The poster reads “Yonghu canzhan, baowei Dong Ya” (Support the declaration of war; defend East Asia), and includes the text of Wang Jingwei’s declaration of war on the Allies on 9 January 1943. Note that some postwar owner of this poster has written “wei guomin zhengfu” (bogus National Government) to the right of the text by Wang Jingwei so as to clarify which Chinese administration was declaring war on this occasion.

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